Mining Science

Mining is:
Activities, technologies, and businesses associated with the mining industry ranging from prospecting, exploration, evaluation, mining, processing, refining, transporting, through to marketing.
Mining is a series of activities in the framework of search efforts, mining (excavation), processing, utilization and sale of minerals (minerals, coal, geothermal, oil and gas).
Mining is one of the types of activities that perform the extraction of minerals and other mineral from the earth. Mining is the process of making a material that can be extracted from the earth. Mine was the site of mining activities.

The difference is quite striking ya. Mining is the name of an object (in this case the name of its activities), mine is the name of the place, and mining is the process.

Understanding Mining Under the Mining Law No.4 of 2009

article 1
In this Act referred to as:
Mining is a part or all phases of activities in the framework of research, management and exploitation of mineral or coal that includes general investigation, exploration, feasibility, construction, mining, processing and refining, transportation and sales, as well as post-mining activities.
Minerals are inorganic compounds that are formed in nature, which has specific physical and chemical properties as well as a regular crystal structure or a combination thereof which form rocks, either in the form of loose or solid.
Coal is the deposition of carbonaceous organic compound that is formed naturally from the rest of the herbs.
Mineral mining is mining mineral assemblages in the form of ore or rock, outside geothermal, oil and gas, as well as groundwater.
Coal mining is mining carbon deposition contained in the earth, including shale, peat and rock asphalt.
Mining is an activity in the context of exploitation of minerals or coal which covers the stages of investigation, exploration, feasibility, construction, mining, processing and refining, transportation and sales, and post-mining activities.
Mining Business Permit, hereinafter called IUP, is a license to conduct mining business.
Exploration IUP is granted business license to undertake general investigation, exploration, and feasibility studies.
Production Operation IUP is a business license is granted upon completion of IUP Exploration to undertake production operations.
People Mining Permit, hereinafter called the IPR, a permit to carry out mining business in mining regions and the people with an area of ​​limited investment.
Special Mining Permit, hereinafter referred to IUPK, is a permit to carry out mining business in a special mining permit area.
IUPK Exploration is a business permit granted to undertake general investigation, exploration and feasibility studies in the area of ​​special mining permit.
IUPK Production Operations is a business license is granted upon completion of IUPK Exploration to undertake a production operation in a special mining permit area.
General Survey is the stage of mining activity to determine the condition of the regional geology and the indications of mineralization.
Exploration is the stage of mining business activities to obtain detailed and accurate information about the location, shape, dimensions, distribution, quality and measured resources of minerals, as well as information about the social and environmental surroundings.
The Feasibility Study is the stage of mining business activities to obtain detailed information on all aspects of to determine the economic and technical feasibility of mining, including environmental impact assessment and planning for post-mine.
Production operations are the stages of mining business activities include construction, mining, processing, refining, including transportation and sales, as well as a means of controlling the environmental impact in accordance with the results of the feasibility study.
Construction is the mining business activities to undertake the construction of the entire facility production operations, including environmental impact control.
Mining is part of mining business activities to produce minerals and / or coal and associated minerals.
Processing and Refining is a mining business activities to improve the quality of mineral and / or coal as well as to utilize and derive associated minerals.
Transportation is a mining business activities to move the mineral and / or coal from the mine and processing and refining or point to point of delivery.
Sales is a mining business activities to sell the mineral or coal mining.
Environmental Impact Assessment, hereinafter called the EIA, is the study of the impact of a large and important an undertaking and / or planned activities on the environment necessary for the decision making process regarding business and / or activities.
Reclamation is the activities performed throughout the stages of mining enterprises to restructure, recover, and improve the quality of the environment and ecosystems in order to function in accordance designation.
Post-mining activities, hereinafter referred to as post-mining is an activity planned, systematic, and continue after the end of part or all mining activities to restore the function of the natural environment and social functions according to the local conditions in the mining areas.
Empowerment is an attempt to improve the ability of people, both individually and collectively, in order to become a better level of life.
Mining Area, hereinafter referred to as WP, is the region that has the potential mineral and / or coal and is not bound by the limits of government administration which is part of the national spatial planning.

Mining

Mining

Mining is an activity of taking valuable minerals precipitate and economic value of the earth's crust, either mechanically or manually, on the surface of the earth, under the earth's surface and subsurface water. The result of these activities, among others, oil and gas, coal, iron ore, tin, nickel, bauxite, copper, gold, silver and manganese ore.


excavation

Excavation is an activity that involves taking all kinds of mineral products. Mineral products are chemical elements, minerals and all kinds of rock which is a natural sediment (not including metals, coal, oil and gas and radioactive materials). The excavated material is usually used as raw materials or auxiliary materials industry and the construction sector. The results of the excavation activities, among others, the mountain stone, stone, limestone, pebbles, marble stone, sand, silica sand, quartz sand, kaolin, clay and others.

Solving activities, smelting, refining and processing all mining / quarrying excluding mining / quarrying, but classified into industrial activities.

Mining excavation site preparation activities such as construction of roads, bridges and toward the location of mining, dredging, installation of transmission mains and so belong to the construction activities. While the activities of exploration and research on the prospects of the mining and mineral goods belong to the mining services.

Filming, cleaning and purification of water to be used as clean water, including in the water sector.


Stages of Mining Activities

Stages of mining activities include: prospecting and research, exploration, mining preparation and development, exploitation and processing / refining / purification.


Prospection

Prospecting is an activity of investigation and search to find precipitate minerals or precious minerals.

Exploration

Exploration is an activity that includes the continuation of prospecting works to determine the size, shape, position, grade average and the size of the reserve as well as the "feasibility" of sediment minerals or precious minerals have been found.

Exploitation

Exploitation is a mining activity that includes jobs uptake and transport of sediment minerals or precious minerals to the landfill and processing / washing, sometimes to the point of marketing.

Treatment / Purification / Refinery

Treatment / Purification is a work of purifying / elevate the levels of minerals by separating the valuable minerals and worthless, then discard the valuable minerals that are not (can be done by chemical means).